According to health secretary Sabin Nsanzimana, at least 6 people have died in Rwanda as a result of being exposed to the Marburg virus.
The majority of those who contracted the virus were doctors who worked in the intensive care unit of a hospital.
A total of twenty circumstances have been identified since the pandemic was officially declared on Friday. Marburg virus, which belongs to the same family as Ebola, is known for its high fatality rate, reaching up to 88 %. According to BBC reports, the disease is transmitted from fruit bats to people and then spreads through bodily fluid call.
What is Marburg disease?
A very dangerous condition known as Marburg virus disease can cause severe bleeding illness and have a mortality rate of up to 88 %. It belongs to the same popular family as Ebola virus disease. The first recognition of this disease occurred in 1967 when two significant outbreaks happened concurrently in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany, and Belgrade, Serbia, according to the world health organisation ( WHO ).
These outbreaks were linked to laboratory experiments involving imported African green monkeys ( Cercopithecus aethiops ) from Uganda. Since then, outbreaks and isolated cases have been documented in various countries, including Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa ( in an individual with recent travel history to Zimbabwe ), and Uganda. Two distinct cases were discovered in 2008 in two separate cases involving visitors to a cave in Uganda where Rousettus pitcher territories reside.
Prolonged exposure to mines or caves where Rousettus pitcher colonies live is what led to the first human disease with Marburg virus illness. When a person is infected with the virus, it can spread from animal to animal through direct contact with the blood, secretions, tissues, or other bodily fluids of infected individuals. This distribution can take place” through mucous membranes or broken body.” The disease can also spread when it comes into contact with contaminated surfaces and substances, such as mattresses and garments, that have been exposed to these bodily fluids.
What are the signs?
The emergence of Marburg virus illness is immediate, characterized by high fever, severe headaches, and serious weariness. Patients generally experience body pain and discomfort. By the fourth day, extreme watery diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort and pain, nausea, and diarrhea may occur. Up to a year of diarrhea may occur. At this stage, individuals have been described as projecting “ghost-like” drawn functions, deep-set eyes, unrecognisable faces and serious drowsiness. Between 2 and 7 days after the initial signs, a non-itchy reckless may seem.
Many patients experience severe hemorrhagic symptoms within a week, and dangerous cases generally involve bleeding from multiple locations. When the head, gums, and womb are bleeding, new blood in vomitus and faeces frequently comes into play. Particularly problematic can be spontaneous bleeding at venepuncture sites ( where intravenous access is granted to give fluids or obtain blood samples ).
During the serious step, individuals maintain high infections. The central nervous system does become affected, leading to misunderstandings, anger, and anger. In some cases, orchitis ( inflammation of the testicles ) has been reported in the late phase ( 15 days ).
It typically occurs between 8 and 9 days after the onset of symptoms, which is frequently preceded by serious blood loss and horror.
What are the procedures?
Supportive care is a key component of Marburg virus disease ( MVD), which includes administering oral or intravenous fluids to stop dehydration and address specific symptoms to increase the patient’s chances of survival. Although there are no proven treatments for MVD at present, numerous potential therapies, such as blood products, defense therapies, and medicine therapies, are now under review.
Diagnosing MVD may be tough, as its symptoms resemble those of other communicable diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, schistosomiasis, meningitis, and other viral haemorrhagic fevers. To confirm that the symptoms are caused by Marburg virus infection, the following diagnostic methods are employed: “antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ), antigen detection tests, serum neutralization tests, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR ) assay, and virus isolation by cell culture”.
Laboratory tests on non-inactivated samples is required under the strictest natural isolation circumstances because samples collected from patients pose a significant risk of contamination. Use of the triple package system is essential to maintain security when bringing biological specimens both nationally and internationally.
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6 dead in Rwanda due to Marburg outbreak: All you need to know about the deadly virus
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